UTI
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that affects the bladder (cystitis) or urethra (urethritis) but does not involve the kidneys. It occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder.
While UTIs can affect anyone, they are more prevalent in women due to their shorter urethra.
FAQ
UTI is diagnosed by the presence of TWO or THREE of the following signs/symptoms:
☐ Dysuria (burning pain when passing urine)
☐ New nocturia (needing to pass urine in the night)
☐ Urine cloudy to the naked eye (visual inspection by pharmacist if practicable)
Here is the inclusion criteria
☐ Woman aged 16 to 64 with suspected lower UTI.
Here is the exclusion criteria
☐ Under 16 years of age
☐ Over 64 years of age
☐ Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
☐ Urinary catheter
☐ Recurrent UTI (2 episodes in last 6 months, or 3 episodes in last 12 months)
UTI usually lasts 3 to 7 days, with the use of antibiotics.
While it can cause discomfort and inconvenience, particularly in women, prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.
How common is UTI
Uncomplicated UTIs are one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, with millions of cases diagnosed annually. Women are more susceptible to UTIs than men, with up to 50% of women experiencing at least one UTI in their lifetime. Factors such as sexual activity, pregnancy, menopause, and certain medical conditions (e.g., diabetes) can increase the risk of developing UTIs.
Symptoms of UTI
The symptoms of an uncomplicated UTI may vary depending on the location and severity of the infection but commonly include:
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Burning sensation or pain during urination
- Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder
In some cases, individuals may experience fever, back or side pain, nausea, or vomiting if the infection spreads to the kidneys.
Causes of UTI
Uncomplicated UTIs are primarily caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli), which naturally inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. These bacteria can enter the urinary tract through the urethra, typically due to factors such as poor hygiene, sexual activity, or the use of certain contraceptives or spermicides that disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the urinary tract.
Treatment for UTI
Treatment for an uncomplicated UTI usually involves a short course of antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Commonly prescribed antibiotics for UTIs include nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or ciprofloxacin. It’s essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare professional to ensure that the infection is completely eradicated and to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Preventing UTI
Preventing uncomplicated UTIs involves maintaining good urinary tract health and practicing hygiene measures to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. Measures such as:
- Staying hydrated
- Urinating frequently
- Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
- Avoiding irritants such as perfumed products
- Practicing safe sex
Additionally, some individuals may benefit from the use of cranberry products or supplements, which contain compounds that may help prevent bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract lining and reduce the risk of recurrent UTIs.
When to seek medical attention
While uncomplicated UTIs are usually mild and can be treated effectively with antibiotics, it’s essential to seek medical attention if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen over time, or are accompanied by fever, back or side pain, nausea, or vomiting. These may indicate a more severe infection or complications that require medical evaluation and treatment.
Conclusion
An uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that affects the bladder or urethra but does not involve the kidneys. While it can cause discomfort and inconvenience, particularly in women, prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. With proper care and preventive measures, individuals can reduce the risk of developing UTIs and maintain good urinary tract health.
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